Compare each route by stay and permit, work rights, cost and who it suits. Sources are under each row.
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Who it suits
For people who want to see the place before choosing a school.
No Schengen visa for up to 90 days
Holders of a Japanese passport do not need a Schengen visa for up to 90 days, within any 180-day period.
Source: Embassy of Spain in Japan: Schengen visasEuropean Commission, Home Affairs: main differences between EES and ETIAS (length of short stays)
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Who it suits
For people whose main aim is to study in Spain.
Proof of admission and funds is needed
A student visa (visado de estudios) application needs proof of admission and payment of tuition, and proof of financial means.
Source: Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs: student visa (Embassy in Japan)
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Who it suits
For people aged 18 to 30 who want to live in Spain for a year.
Up to 1 year
Spain and Japan have a working holiday agreement. The age range is 18 to 30 inclusive and the stay is up to 1 year. You must also have enough funds to cover living costs for the initial period.
To supplement travel funds
You may work to the extent needed to supplement your travel funds.
Source: Embassy of Spain in Japan: working holiday programme (Spain and Japan)Official State Gazette (BOE): working holiday agreement between Spain and Japan
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